Electric field due to an Electric Dipole at equatorial Point
To derive an expression for the electric field intensity at an equatorial point due to an electric dipole, we can consider an electric dipole consists of two charges, +q and -q, separated by a distance 2l. From the midpoint of the dipole O, at a distance r there is an observation point P on equatorial line of the dipole, where we have to find out electric field intensity.
The electric field intensity (EPA) at point P due to charge A (- q), can be calculated using Coulomb’s law is given by:
Similarly, The electric field intensity (EPB) at point P due to charge B (+ q), can be calculated using Coulomb’s law is given by :
In triangle OPB, 
Putting value of cosθ in above equation,
Putting value of 2ql = p (dipole moment)
This is the expression for the electric field due to an electric dipole at an equatorial point.
In vector form,
For short dipole, r >> l
i.e. E ∝ 
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FAQs from the Topic
Q: What is an electric dipole?
Answer: An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance.
What is an equatorial point in the context of an electric dipole?
Answer: A point located on a line perpendicular to the axis of dipole and passing through the center of the electric dipole.
What is the angle between electric field intensity and dipole moment at an equatorial point due to an electric dipole?
Answer: Net Electric Field Intensity at equatorial point and Electric Dipole Moment both are in opposite direction. Thus, angle between both is 180˚.
Q: How can we calculate the magnitude of the electric field at an equatorial point due to an electric dipole?
Answer: The magnitude of the electric field at an equatorial point can be calculated using the formula: E = (1/4πε₀) * (p / r^3)., where E is the electric field, p is the dipole moment, and r is the distance from the center of the dipole to the equatorial point.
Q: What happens to the magnitude of the electric field at the equatorial point as the distance from the center of the dipole increases?
Answer: As the distance from the center of the dipole to the equatorial point increases, the magnitude of the electric field decreases. E ∝ 1/r3
Can the electric field at the equatorial point of an electric dipole be zero?
Answer: No, the electric field at the equatorial point of an electric dipole is never zero since there will always be a net electric field due to the charges. But if we move far away at infinity from an electric dipole, the electric field strength decreases and tends to zero.
At what point, is the electric field at its maximum due to the electric dipole?
Answer: As we move away from the dipole along the axial line, the electric field strength decreases with increasing distance. The magnitude of the electric field decreases inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the dipole.
Therefore, if you are looking for the point where the electric field due to an electric dipole is maximum, you would need to consider any point along the axial line between the charges of the dipole i.e. at center of electric dipole.
Q: What happens to the electric field at the equatorial point if the separation between the charges in the dipole increases?
Answer: If the separation between the charges in the dipole increases, the electric field at the equatorial point decreases due to decrease in dipole moment.
Q: How does the orientation of an electric dipole affect the electric field at the equatorial point?
Answer: The orientation of an electric dipole does not affect the electric field at the equatorial point. The electric field at the equatorial point depends only on the distance from the center of the dipole and the magnitude of the dipole moment.
What is an electric field?
Answer: An electric field is a region surrounding an electric charge due to which another charges experiences an electrostatic force within it. The magnitude of the electric field at a point is the force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at that point.
What are the SI unit of electric field strength?
Answer: SI unit Electric field strength is volts per meter (V/m).
How does the electric field at the equatorial point compare to other points?
Answer: The electric field at the equatorial point is relatively weaker compared to the electric field along the axial line.
What is the direction of the electric field intensity at the equatorial point?
Answer: The electric field intensity at equatorial point is directed opposite to the direction of the dipole moment.
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